Public Service Essay Example for Free

Public Service Essay Public service is has long been considered to play a key role in the improvement of social and economic development in any countries (ILO, 1996). For this case, the type of public service presented is somehow very effective in terms of sending the correct procedure to the individuals who need such task assistance. For the children of the day care canter, the time frame of Friday is best suited for public service since this might be the busiest day for such an institution. Considering that most of the students may be too excited for the coming weekend. Therefore, having a persons or group of person assist them in their activities in class can provide a worthwhile experience.   Also, the schedule 3:00 to 5:00 pm is a very good choice since afternoon schedules are somehow more lenient in accepting additional work when all other important activities have been prioritized earlier in the day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The public service type of task with two types of activity based schedule is also a very good choice. The kids will be able to choose the type of activities they want to be engaged with which will make them more independent and will acquire a greater sense of responsibility. The first hour lets them listen and read to the story while having an option to still play. On another hour, homework assistance is also available which will make the time very productive. If ever they opt to first do their homework with the public servant, they will have more time to enjoy the rest of the day and probably the whole weekend playing. Overall, the type of public service program is very much adapted to the lifestyle of the student in the day care center setting.   References ILO. 1996. Public Service Background. Retrieved December 7, 2007 from http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/sectors/pubserv.htm.

Younger Onset Dementia in New South Wales

Younger Onset Dementia in New South Wales Aikesh Shrestha Management of younger onset dementia (YOD) in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders people, residing in remote areas of New South Wales (NSW). Dementia is an umbrella terminology that encompasses range of health disorders which are characterized by the progressive dysfunction of brain that includes speech difficulties, perception, vision, personality, orientation, cognitive skills, incontinence, and high infection rate followed by reduced life span. In a survey conducted by Vos et al. 2007 concluded that dementia is the second leading reason for the death of indigenous people of Australia and further concluded that around 15 % of indigenous death is due to dementia. Figure 1 Leading causes of death in Indigenous Australian, 2003(Source Vos et al. 2007) YOD is termed as a form of dementia which occurs before the age of 65 years. It is very rare before the age of 45 years, but it can begin in the early 30s and there have even been reports of onset in those who are in the mid-20s (Rinfrette 2010). It is estimated that in Australia approximately 10,000 populations has been affected by younger onset dementia (Alzheimer’s Australia 2009). According to data collected from Access Economics 2005, indicated that out of 87,961 cases of dementia in NSW in 2010, 358 has been reported in remote and very remote areas. And further it has been estimated that the rate will increase significantly to 1,026 cases in 2050 (Department of Health 2011). Interestingly, younger onset dementia (YOD) is considered as the emerging chronic health condition for indigenous people at comparatively young ages (under 60 years), especially people residing in remote areas of NSW. It has been statistically stated that indigenous hospitalisation for mental health problems peaked for those aged 25–34 years and 35–44 years (46 and 49 per 1,000 population, respectively). At the peak rate, Indigenous Australians were more than twice as likely to be hospitalised for mental health problems as other Australians. According to Broe et al. 2009, number of indigenous youngster is at high risk of younger onset dementia associated with head injuries and cognitive damages due to drugs intoxication and alcohol abuse. According to study conducted by Alzheimer’s Australia 2009, the reason behind the onset of dementia in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders is probably due to Prevalence of high rates of chronic disease Excessive and risky alcohol consumption and homelessness. Limited access and availability of dementia support counselling and services (Broe et al. 2009). Fear of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders to undergo medical system and treatment (Broe et al. 2009). Indigenous populations along with health professionals are unaware about the facts that younger people may have dementia. Generally indigenous community refers dementia as a â€Å"sick spirit† and believes that lose of connection to the land, culture, tradition and customs cause these sickness (Broe et al 2009). And in addition, limited research has been done on the younger onset dementia regarding the indigenous population lining in remote area due to cultural, languages and geographical difficulties. As a consequence, there is poor and limited access to services that provide care and social support for younger indigenous people and their careers and the condition can have a devastating impact on the person with younger onset dementia, their family, their children and their friends (Alzheimer’s Australia 2009). Thus there is need of management of YOD among the indigenous population in remote area of Australia. Propose six question that would answer the scope, nature and priorities of dementia (YOD) in aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Understanding the need and necessity of management of dementia in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in remote areas this unit has proposed six cardinal questions that would address all the issues regarding scope, nature and priorities of dementia. Which type of dementia is most common in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in remote and rural areas of Australia and rate of dementia? Which indigenous population in the remote area is mostly affected by dementia? In which gender dementia is most common or prevalent? What is the extent of dementia within the remote area of Australia? What are the risk factors associated with dementia and factor affecting diagnosis of dementia in indigenous people? What are the burdens, trend and mortality rate of dementia in indigenous population? Outline of major categories included to indentify and answer the question raised. Following categories will be included, Geographical Distribution. Demographic Distribution. Age Gender Risk Factor (including education, employment, drug use, alcohol abuse and other risk factors). Trend and morbidity of the dementia . Availability of health services need to manage dementia To analysis the need of younger onset dementia in indigenous people in remote area of New South Wales, Australia, following step will be considered, All the relevant data will be collected from the authorised and secure website and publications. Following website will be used to accumulate the data for the interpretation and assessment of the health need proposed because all the relevant and authentic data are available in this website regarding Australian population. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). Alzheimer’s Australia. Department of Health (DoH). Access Economics. Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). Health Statistics of NSW. Dementia Collaboration Research Centre. Others authorised journal publication wed site. As the health need is about aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders residing in remote area of Australia, primarily geographical distribution of indigenous people will be identified from the website. For instant Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and Australian Bureau of Statistic will be used to accumulate these data. Fig 2. Representing geographical distribution of indigenous people in Australia (Source AIHW). Indigenous people affected with younger onset dementia will be identified on the basis of demographic distribution such as gender and particular age group. For the determination of these data AIHW, ABS, Alzheimer’s Australia and Department of Health (DoH) will be used. It is mandatory to collect these data so as to identify which age group has been severely affected by dementia and to compare the prevalence of younger onset dementia within male and female of indigenous society in remote areas. Fig. 3. Prevalence of dementia in indigenous and non indigenous population of Australia (Source AIHW) For example, from the above mentioned data it had been estimated that in indigenous population the rate of dementia significantly increased with the age group 25, peaked with age group 35-44 and declined further. From evidence it had been identified that Vascular dementia and head injury dementia was the main reason for the significant increment in these age group. All the factors that are associated with the massive increment of younger onset dementia will be included. Factors included will be Education Employment Drug abuse Alcoholism Mortality And other risk factor that promoted the prevalence of younger onset dementia in aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in remote areas of Australia. For identification of all these factor along with the trend of YOD will be been extracted from AIHW, ABS, Alzheimer’s Australia, Department of Health, Health Statistics NSW and the journals published by authorised publication like Pub med. Availability of health services to manage dementia within the indigenous community and utilisation of these heath services will be focused. From the previous study about the indigenous people of Australian suggest that the geographical difficulties, limited health work force, stubborn ignorance of indigenous population and unwillingness of these people to visit health facilities provided to indigenous community has limited the visit of indigenous people to utilise the facilities provided to these community. Thus regarding these issues data will be collected to understand the situation and know whether there is any progress in the utilisation of health faculties. The data or information will be collected from AIHW, Department of Health, ABS and other journal publications. Limitations of data source As a matter of fact, collection of data is a tedious process. And in addition data collection of indigenous population in rural and remote area in even more difficult because of the geographical difficulties, language issues, cultural and social barriers and stubborn tolerance of aboriginal community. Following limitation could be prevalent while extracting data from the above mentioned websites, Lack of information or data about the indigenous population. Due to geographical difficulties, only limited research has been done in the remote area. As a result only few data are available about the health status and health issues in indigenous community. Thus it is difficult to collect the appropriate data from the data source. Misdiagnosis(Carrington et al. 2011) In most of the surveys and reports, it has been suggested that due to cultural and language issues, adequate information and data regarding health issues of indigenous people has not included. This circumstance certainly affect the accuracy of the data presented and leads to faulty report and inaccurate conclusion of the data collected. Under-reporting (Anderson , Baum Bently 2007) Fear of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders to undergo medical system and treatment (Broe et al. 2009) has led to under-reporting of health status of indigenous people. Factors that will determine the extent of this health problem in 20 years time Following factors will determine the extent of YOD in 20 years time Life Expectancy Recent evidence from ‘Close the Gap’ reporting and data suggests that the health and life span of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is improving (Thomas et al. 2006). On the other hand, any increment in life expectancy may lead to an increase in the prevalence of dementia because more people will live to the age where the prevalence of forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease is the highest, estimated to be responsible for 70% of dementia cases in old age above 65 years. Thus if this situation arises then form to dementia will shift from vascular and frontotemporal dementia to Alzheimer’s dementia in next 20 years. Management of Life style and diet As younger onset dementia is largely associated with head injuries and cognitive damages due to drugs intoxication and alcohol abuse management of diet might alleviate the risk of YOD. On the other hand, management of this risk factor might increase the life expectancy of indigenous people and further leads to increase Alzheimer’s dementia which is more frequent in old age. Reference Access Economics 2005, Dementia Estimates and Projections, NSW and its regions, NSW. Anderson, I., Baum, F. Bentley, M., Exploring the underlying Social Determinants of Aboriginal Health, Paper from the Scoial Determinants of Aboriginal Health Workshop, Adelaide. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2011, The health and welfare of Australian’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders people an overview, Cat No. IHW 42, Canberra, AIHW. Alzheimer’s Australia 2009, National Consumer Summit Younger Onset Dementia Not too young for dementia, Canberra. Broe, G.A., Pulver, L.J., Arkles. R., Robertson. H., Kelso. W., Chalkley, S. Draper. B., Cognition, Ageing and Dementia in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders people: A review of the literature, Dementia Collaborative Research Centre Assessment and Better Care Outcomes, pp. 1-4. Carrington, C.J.S., Li, J., Mitrou, F. Zubrick, S. R.,† Socioeconomic disparities in the mental health of Indigenous children in Western Australia†, BMC Public Health, Vol 12, pp. 1-12. Department of Health (DoH) 2011, New South Wales Dementia Services Framework 2010-2015, GL2011-004, NSW. Rinfrette, E. S. 2010, Impact on Informal Caregivers for those with Early Onset Dementia, State University of New York, Buffalo, http://gradworks.umi.com/34/07/3407891.html. Thompson, P., Bradshaw, P. M., Veroni, M. Wilkes, E., â€Å"Cardiovacular risk among urbasn Aboriginal people†, Medical Journal of Australia, Vol. 179, Issue. 3, pp 143-146. Vos. T., Barker. B., Stanley. L. Lpoez A. D, 2007, ’The burden of disease and injury in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders peoples: Summary Report†, Brisbane, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland. Page | 1

The prince Essay -- Literary Analysis, Niccolo Machiavelli

Niccolo Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince† attempts to explain the necessary tactics and required knowledge a ruler must attain in order to gain and maintain a successful reign. The novel serves as an abstract manual, addressing the definition of a good/bad ruler by placing emphasis on the required military organization, the character a ruler must posses, and the success that could be attained if a ruler should follow the guide. The scope in which the book is written is that of a scholarly observant. Machiavelli places his findings and observations of history, as well as the needs of the people so the information may serve the prince as a tool, that once implemented will create and maintain a powerful state. The guide places a particular emphasis on the prerequisites of a good ruler. Arguing that a ruler must â€Å"...make himself both loved and feared by his subjects, followed and respected by his soldiers,.... be severe yet loved, magnanimous and generous...†(28) these are the qualities ingrained in imploring a successful military, balancing cruelty and generosity, and forming successful alliances. By addressing the issues and concerns of the people and that of the state, Machiavelli reveals the shift between a good ruler and a bad ruler. The guide demonstrates the good by exemplifying the bad done by past rulers, then judging and criticizing their handles on the military, cruelty vs generosity deplored, and the treatment of their alliances. One of the most important institutions in which Machiavelli places emphasis on in â€Å"The Prince† is in the management of a military force. Machiavelli starts by emphasizing that one â€Å"...cannot have good laws without good arms.†(40) therefore how a ruler manages his military is essential in defining ... ... rather than to be used and trumped over, a wiser choice is to be the miser. In the letter from Niccolo Machiavelli to Lorenzo de Medici, it is clear that there is an â€Å"end justifies the means† the purpose of this book serves a greater purpose. The means, are the examples and the advice given by Machiavelli. The over all goal of creating â€Å"The Prince† is in establishing control power and forming a calculated was to rule. This booklet organizes the necessary information, in understanding what will define a good ruler. Serving a guide to success, a success that has been laid out and now has to only be grabbed by the right man. Machiavelli uses many examples of the glories of Rome, to really get back to the unity and prominence that once filled Italy. â€Å"The Prince† serves as a address to all that the world that we can do better, and therefore we should do better.

Media in the Seventies :: American America History

Media in the Seventies Media has forever changed the way people live today and it changed lives in the seventies. In the seventies the media was important because they were able to show what happened in Vietnam and the people that wanted to forget the war could listen to music to get away. In the seventies there also was a lot of new shows that became popular along with big bands. One of the first major bands to appear in the seventies was named Chicago. There first album was in sixty-nine, but they never really got noticed until there second album called Chicago. This album went all the way to the top and was voted album of the year by Cashbox magazine. In 1970 religious themes started to appear in songs like "spirit in the sky," and "let it be." The Beattles also had there last film called "Let it Be," which premiered in London. The Beattles were so big that in one year they had 2 hit albums. The number one single of 1970 was "Bridge Over Troubled Water," by Simon and Garfunkel and they also had one of the top albums of the year. The Jackson 5 had three hit singles in the top 40, this was a great accomplishment for these young superstars. In 1970 there was a lot of good movies and television shows. One of the major shows was called M*A*S*H, and this show is still running today, however it originally stated as a movie. Another oldie that is still on the air is Hawaii five - 0. In the early seventies Alice cooper emerged into his own type of rock now known as "shock rock," and this is when rock started spreading into different sub-catogories such as jazz rock, latin rock, and religious rock. The year of 71 is when Michael Jackson split from the Jackson 5 to try his career as a solo singer and his first hit was titled "got to be there." Don Mclean released a album called "American Pie," this single shot him to number one on the charts and is to this day the longest single in history to get there running at an amazing 8 minutes long. Nineteen seventy two was a great year for Led Zepplin he hit the charts with power scoring three hit singles Black Dog, Rock and Roll, and the classic Stairway to Heaven.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: essays research papers

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight In part four of this tale the theme that is advanced is chivalry, honor and human weakness. As Gawain goes to meet the Green Knight we get the feeling of dread by the authors description of the weather outside. It is bitterly cold and snowing. The wind is whipping around Gawain as he travels (115). The extreme weather reminds us that Gawain is going to face something just as ominous. As Gawain dresses for his meeting he binds his love token ( the green girdle) twice around his middle. He is somber as he prepares for his impending death. His sense of honor is what binds him to this meeting that will certainly be his death, so he thinks (117). Gawain is steadfast in his desire to fulfill his promise to meet the Green Knight. The guide pleads to Gawain that he will surely be killed if he continues on his mission and he tells Gawain to just leave and ride off in some other country rather than be killed (121). Gawain reaveals to us, yet again, his chivalry when he says that he would face his destiny rather than be a disgrace (121). When Gawain finally reaches the chapel of the Green Knight he is met with a roar. The Green Knight proceeds to play games with Gawain in an attempt to test his bravery and chivalry (127-128). The fact that Gawain did not retreat and run after several attempts were faked reveals how honorable Gawain was. It is not until the Green Knight actually takes a blow at Sir Gawain’s neck that we see that the green girdle worked its magic. Only to Gawain’s dismay is it revealed to him by the Green Knight that it was all a test set up to show if Gawain was truly an brave an honorable Knight (133). Gawain is devastated by his weakness and lack of honor and cowardice revealed by his hiding the green girdle from the master. He begins to repent and chastise himself for his failings. This reveals his human weakness that is in all of us. He is very humbled by his behavior (133).

Financial Markets in Pakistan Essay

A financial market is a place for buying and selling of financial securities such as stocks and bonds. It facilitates: * The raising of capital (in the capital markets) * The transfer of risk (in the derivatives markets * In matching those who want capital to those who have it. Financial Market in Pakistan consists of (i) Money Market which provides short term funds and (ii) Capital Market which makes long terms funds available to businesses and industries. The Financial market can be reclassified into (i) Primary Market in which new shares or bonds are issued and (ii) Secondary Market in which securities previously issued are traded such as Shares, Bonds, Commercial Papers, Options and Mutual Fund. Of this, the banking sectors and non-banking sectors are regulated by the central bank, State Bank of Pakistan. While rest of the market (lease, stock exchanges, modarba, mutual funds and insurance) is regulaled by Secruities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan. FINANCIAL MARKETS AND THEIR ROLES: COMMERCIAL BANKS A type of bank providing checking and saving accounts, credit cards and business loans. Such a bank induces general public to deposit their savings in the banks and offers a wide range of services such as: * Deposit Mobilization * Money transfer * Financing Working Capital * Financing other trade related mode (import and export) * Investing in government securities * Call money operations These banks are of three categories (i) Public Sector Banks, (ii) Private Bank and (iii) Foreign Banks. LEASE -FINANCE EQUIPMENT INVESTMENT BANKS Investment banks perform a variety of functions. Primarily, they assist corporations to raise equity-capital by underwriting the public issues. They also assist companies desiring of mergers and acquisition and derivatives. In addition, they provide services like trading of derivative, foreign exchange, fixed income instruments and shares listed on the stock exchanges. Such banks cannot take deposits. They manage their affairs by charging fees such as (i) retainer fee, (ii) advisory fees based on the transactions, (iii) commission on underwriting and (iv) other financial services. PICIC was once a premier development in Pakitan but has merged with a commerical bank. BOND MARKET OUTLOOK DEVELOPMENT BANKS These banks provide guidance in selection of industrial units and extend direct financial assistance to partly cover their financial requirements. Also, they engage themselves in promotional activities to attract investors towards neglected sectors through publishing brochures and research papers. Besides, they help in assessing feasibility of potential projects. Such banks are responsible for speeding up the pace of economic growth in the country in conformity with the national objectives, plans and priorities. Their core functions are: * Direct financial assistance * Catalytic function * Mobilization of domestic savings * Ensuring balance regional and industrial growth * Expanding entrepreneurial base by encourage new comers At one time, there were 14 Development Banks in Pakistan. However, most of them have been closed one after another as their bad debts mounted up. It is natural as they take substantial risks in promoting new types of industrial projects in underdeveloped areas sponsored preferably by new-comers. Nevertheless, their contribution brings fruits to the economy in the shape of successful industrial units and transfer of technology. At present, 8 development banks are operating which mostly are joint-venture with other Islamic Countries. MICROFINANCE BANK A microfinance bank would cater to the credit needs of poor households and their small enterprises. Thus microfinance bank provide credit to those poor who are not considered creditworthy by the commercial banks and other financial institutions. On the other hand, the microfinance bands recognize every single human being as a potential and creditworthy entrepreneur. In addition, they provide basic training in start of a small business, simple book-keeping and accounting. The main aim of microfinance institutions is alleviation of poverty through helping poor persons to earn some money especially the women. ISLAMIC BANKS In Islam, it is prohibited to charge interest on any loan. However, it is acceptable to pass on funds to a needy person or corporation for trade purpose in which case profit could be shared on an agreed basis whereas loss should be shared according to the funds invested. Besides, there are certain businesses where any form of deal is forbidden like alcohols and pork. Accordingly, Islamic bank refer to a banking activity which is consistent with the Sharia, the Islamic Laws. Otherwise, there is no difference between the traditional banks and the Islamic bank. DISCOUNT HOUSES These are firms which buys and discounts bills of exchange, banker’ acceptance, commercial paper, etc. Discount houses also tender for treasury bills, deal in short-dated government bonds, and are an important part of the short-term money markets. INSURANCE COMPANIES Insurance is a hedge against the risk of a contingent and uncertain loss. In other words, it is the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for payment. For this service, the insurer charges a fee called premium depending upon the risk involved. Besides traditional insurance companies, there are many Islamic insurance companies in Pakistan known as Takaful operators. Takaful is an Islamic insurance concept based on mutual co-operation, responsibility, assurance, protection and assistance between groups of participants. These companies believe in promoting the cause of Takaful as well as promoting the insurance business in a Shariah Compliant i.e. halal and absolutely Riba-Free insurance. STOCK EXCHANGES Stock exchange is a place where securities are bought and sold. Such securities include shares, derivative, unit trusts and bonds. It also provides facilities for the issue and redemption of securities. Prices of shares and bonds are influenced by their demand and supply like in other commodities. In order to list a security on the stock exchange, there are certain requirements. Transactions in the stock exchange are conducted by members only. Stock exchange serves both as a primary market for the initial public offerings and as a secondary market for their subsequent buying and selling Investors are not bound to sell stock or bond through the stock exchange. They can directly deal with the seller. Similarly, there is no compulsion that stock must be traded on the exchange. The securities can change ownership out of the exchange which is called ‘over the counter† or â€Å"curb dealings.† LEASING It is a contract where owner of an asset agrees to allow someone to use it for a fixed rental. It can be for fixed or indefinite period of time. It is a binding contract which sets out terms of lease agreement between the owner and the user. Leases are of various types mainly (i) a financial lease and (ii) an operating lease. The financial lease is long-term and non-cancellable contract where the user assumes some of the risks of ownership and has the right to keep the assets or get it transferred to its own name after fulfilling the necessary conditions. In operating lease, the owner transfer only the right to use the assets which is returned back at the end of the lease. There are some other types especially in the aircraft industry like wet lease and dry-lease and. In wet lease, a company agrees to provide an aircraft along with pilot and crew and would be responsible for the maintenance of the aircraft. Dry lease, on the other hand, refers to leasing only the aircraft. MODARBA If is a form of partnership which has two distinct parties: (i) the financier and (ii) the manager. The financer takes no part of management of the business. The profits are distributed among the subscriber while the manager is paid the usual salary. Modarba is one the modes of Islamic finance. It is like mutual fund minus its un-Islamic features. Not only in Pakistan, the Islamic financial services industry has witnessed a phenomenal growth all over the Islamic world. In particuar, the Modaraba Sector has been able to create a market niche for itself in the corporate sector. This model is enjoying a unique recognition due to its well designed structure with proper rules and regulations defined by the regulators. It has proved its resilience in this time of global financial turmoil. MUTUAL FUND It is a professionally managed type of pooled investment for acquiring securities like stocks, bonds, marketable securities and commodities. The profit is distributed by way of dividend to all investors. Financial market in Pakistan experienced boom conditions in1991 due to liberalization policies of the government. There was a manifold increase in the number of listed companies; number of commercial banks, local and foreign and financial instruments like commercial paper. But it has still to develop and a number of suggestions have been made: * The public sector should reduce its dependence on State Bank of Pakistan. * The infrastructure projects should be financed through domestic bonds of longer maturities (10-20 years). * The financial sectors (capital markets, micro credit, banking and non-banking sector) should have a better and more clearly delineated division of responsibilities. * Foreign institutional investors should be encouraged to take up (i) private equity funds, (ii) private pension funds, (iii) provident and gratuity funds and (iv) Real Estate Investment Trusts. * Mortgage financing should be encouraged.

What Weapons and Transportation Machines Were Improved the Most Between World War One and World War Two?

What Weapons and Transportation Machines were Improved the Most between World War One and World War Two? During World War One, tanks, guns, chemical weapons, bombs, airplanes, ships, submarines and grenades were used to kill. A lot of these weapons and machines were difficult to use, really easy to destroy, too heavy, didn't last too long, not accurate enough, and didn't shoot too far. The weapons and Transportation machines were improved in World War Two to make it easier to kill; therefore soldiers would kill more of the enemies. Also, if the machines were too easy to destroy, they improved them or eliminated them. New technologies were invented after World War One because the soldiers realized that they needed better strategies to kill the enemies without themselves getting injured and killed. Some of those technologies were used for defensive purposes as well. For example, the radar was a new technology that was used to identify where the enemies are so they could kill them, and the radar was used to identify when the enemies were attacking so that they could defend ahead of time. Transportation machines such as airplanes, tanks, submarines, ships, and weapons such as different types of guns were improved in World War Two. Airplanes, tanks, submarines, and ships used in World War One were improved for World War Two. Airplanes in World War One didn’t have as much technology as in World War Two and couldn’t fly a long distance in a short amount of time like the planes from World War Two used to fly. Airplanes in World War Two had more space for bombs on board and they had radars. Tanks in World War Two had more weight than in World War One, meaning that they had more metal on them so bullets wouldn’t damage the tanks easily. In World War One war most tanks would have a range of 25 miles[1], while in World War Two a tank could reach the range of 400km[2], which is 248. 5 miles. The armor inside the tank also increased, that’s why the tanks got heavier in World War Two. Submarines had more deck guns in World War Two because more guns were invented during World War Two[3]. The Radar was invented after World War One and before World War Two; therefore they installed the radar in the submarines for World War Two. The Submarines in World War Two had air conditioning and new battery-powered engines, which was not used in World War One either[4]. The ships in World War One didn’t have radars because the radar was invented after World War One. Ships in World War Two had the radars installed, got their speed increased, and the cannon range increased as well. The usage of machine guns in World War One brought new ideas to built better models of machine guns and submachine guns in World War Two. MP40 is a submachine gun that was produced from 1940 to 1945. The MP40 is an automatic gun, and it’s really accurate. Its effective range is 100 meters, and its rate of fire is 550 rounds per minute. 5] Another model of a commonly used submachine gun is the Thompson. This submachine gun was produced in 1921. The Thompson is an automatic gun as well. It is very accurate, and the fire rate is very high: 800-850 rounds per minute. Its effective range is 50 meters. [6] A very commonly used and successful machine gun is the SG-43, which was in service from 1943-1968. This machine gun was gas operated, and it wa s automatic. The machine guns in World War One were not gas operated and didn’t have the rate of fire that the machine guns from World War Two have. The rate of fire from the SG-43, which was used in World War Two, is 500-700 rounds per minute,[7] while a machine gun from World War One would only fire 400-600 small-calibre rounds per minute. [8] The performance of the rifles in World War One was really poor; therefore they improved some rifles and even made new models for World War Two. Rifles in World War One would usually fire only 15 rounds per minute. Their range was about 1,400 meters, but the accuracy could only be guaranteed at around 600 meters. [9] Before World War Two, the performance of the rifles was improved and new Rifles were created. The STG-44 was a gas-operated assault rifle that was developed during World War Two in 1942. Its effective range is 300 meters, but its fire rate was 500-600 rounds per minute. [10] The Karabiner 98k is a bolt-action rifle that was produced from 1935-1945. Its effective range with iron sights is 500 meters, and over 800 meters with optics. [11] The M1 Garand is a gas-operated semi-automatic rifle that was produced from 1936-1957. Its effective range was 402 meters. [12] All weapons and transportation machines such as airplanes, tanks, submarines, nd ships that were used in World War One had a poor performance; therefore they were improved before and during World War Two. Works Cited Day, V. , 14, A. , 1945. , produced, o. f. , & Army, m. t. (n. d. ). Rifle, Cal. .30 06, M1, Garand. GlobalSecurity. org – Reliable Security Information. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from: http://www. globalsecurity. org/military/systems/ground/m1garand. htm (February 6, 2010). StG 44. Retrieved Fe bruary 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Stg_44 (February 16, 2010). Karabiner 98k. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Kar98 (February 16, 2010) M1 Garand. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/M1_garand (February 16, 2010). MP 40. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/MP40 (February 14, 2010). Thompson submachine gun. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun First World War. com – Weapons of War: Rifles. (n. d. ). First World War. com – A Multimedia History of World War One. Retrieved March 3, 2010, from:  http://www. firstworldwar. om/weaponry/rifles. htm guns, 1. h. (n. d. ). First World War. com – Weapons of War: Machine Guns. First World War. com – A Multimedia History of World War One. Retrieved March 2, 2010, from: ht tp://www. firstworldwar. com/weaponry/machineguns. htm I, t. e. (n. d. ). World War One, The Submarine. World History International: World History Essays From Prehistory To The Present. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from: http://history-world. org/world_war_i_and_the_submarine. htm (January 4, 2010). SG-43 Goryunov. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/SG-43 Rusty coot. 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